基础术语
1.电化学反应(electrochemical reaction)
伴有电子进出活性物质的转移、涉及化学组分氧化或还原的化学反应。
Chemical reactions involving the transfer of active substances with electronic ingress and egress, and involving the oxidation or reduction of chemical components.
2.电极极化(electrode polarization）
有电流流过时的电极电位与无电流流过时的电极电位差异。
The difference in electrode potential between when current is flowing and when no current is flowing.
3.结晶极化(crystallization polarization)
由晶体成核作用和生长现象引起的电极极化。
Electrode polarization caused by crystal nucleation and growth phenomena.
4.活化极化(activation polarization)
由电极反应中电荷传递步骤所引起的电极极化。
Electrode polarization caused by charge transfer steps in electrode reactions.
5.阳极极化(anodic polarization)
伴随电化学氧化反应的电极极化。
Electrode polarization accompanying electrochemical oxidation reactions.
6.阴极极化(cathodic polarization)
伴随电化学还原反应的电极极化。
Electrode polarization accompanying electrochemical reduction reactions.
7.浓差极化(concentration polarization)
由电极中反应物和产物的浓度梯度而引起的电极极化。
Electrode polarization caused by concentration gradients of reactants and products within the electrode.
8.欧姆极化(ohmic polarization)
电流通过电极或电解质中的欧姆电阻时引起的电极极化。
Electrode polarization caused by ohmic resistance when current passes through the electrode or electrolyte.
9.反应极化(reaction polarization)
由阻碍电极反应的化学反应引起的电极极化。
Electrode polarization caused by chemical reactions that hinder electrode reactions.
10.反极（电池）(cell reversal)
电池电极的极性反向。通常是由串联电池中的一个低容量的电池过放电而造成。
Reversal of the polarity of battery electrodes. Typically caused by overdischarge of a low-capacity battery in a series connection.
11.副反应(side reaction)
电池反应中附加的多余的反应，会导致充电效率降低以及容量、寿命损失或性能下降。
Additional unwanted reactions in battery reactions, which lead to reduced charging efficiency and result in capacity and lifespan losses or performance degradation.
12.标称电压(nominal voltage)
用以标志或识别一种电池或一个电化学体系的适当的电压近似值。
An appropriate approximate voltage used to identify or characterize a battery or an electrochemical system.
13.充电电压(charge voltage)
电池在充电时外电源加在电池两个端子间的电压。
The voltage applied by an external power source across the two terminals of the battery during charging.
14.工作电压(working voltage)
电池在工作电流下放电时正、负极端子间的电压。
The voltage across the positive and negative terminals of the battery during discharge at the operating current.
15.过电压(over voltage)
电池电压超出制造商/供应商额定值或规定条件的一种状态。过电压可能破坏电池的正常功能并/或引发危害事故。
注：当讨论电极时，称为过电势，英文为 over potential。
Over voltage is a state where the battery voltage exceeds the manufacturer's/supplier's rated values or specified conditions. Over voltage can disrupt the normal functioning of the battery and/or lead to hazardous incidents.
Note: When discussing electrodes, it is referred to as overpotential.
16.放电电压(discharge voltage)
电池在放电时两个端子间的电压。
The voltage between the two terminals of the battery during discharge.
17.充电终止电压(end-of-charge voltage)
电池单体、模块、电池包或系统正常充电时允许达到的最高电压。
The maximum voltage allowed during the normal charging of a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system.
18.放电终止电压 (end-of-discharge voltage)
电池单体、模块、电池包或系统正常放电时允许达到的最低电压。
The minimum voltage allowed during the normal discharge of a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system.
19.开路电压(open-circuit voltage)
无负载状态下，正极电极电势与负极电极电势的差值。
The difference in potential between the positive electrode and the negative electrode under a no-load condition.
20.壳体电压(shell voltage)
指金属壳体电池正负极对电池外壳的电压，一般由电池厂家基于自身工艺制定合格标准。
Refers to the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of a metal-cased battery with respect to the battery's outer shell. Generally, this is determined by the battery manufacturer based on their own manufacturing processes and sets the qualified standards.
21.直流阻抗(DC impedance)
在直流工作条件下，短时间内电池电压的变化与相应的放电电流之比计算得出的电阻。
注：直流阻抗通常用毫欧（mΩ）来表示。
The resistance calculated as the ratio of the change in battery voltage over a short period of time to the corresponding discharge current under direct current (DC) operating conditions.
Note: DC impedance is typically expressed in milliohms (mΩ).
22.交流阻抗(AC impedance)
指在特定的交流频率下所测得的电池交流阻抗，通常为电池在 1kHz 下的交流阻抗。
注：交流阻抗通常用毫欧（mΩ）来表示。
Refers to the battery's alternating current impedance measured at a specific alternating current frequency, typically the alternating current impedance of the battery at 1 kHz.
Note: Alternating current impedance is usually expressed in milliohms (mΩ).
23.充电(charge)
外电路给电池提供电能，使电池内发生化学变化，从而将电能转化为化学能而储存起来的操作。
The process in which an external circuit provides electrical energy to the battery, causing chemical changes within the battery, thereby converting electrical energy into chemical energy and storing it.
24.完全充电(full charge)
充电的一种状态，即在选定条件下充电时所有可利用的活性物质不会显著增加容量的状态。
A charging state in which, under selected conditions, all available active materials do not significantly increase the capacity during charging.
25.涓流充电(trickle charge)
为补偿自放电效应，使蓄电池保持在近似完全充电状态下的连续、长时间、调控下的小电流充电过程。
注：涓流充电用以补偿自放电效应，使电池保持在近似完全充电的状态。
A continuous, long-duration, regulated low-current charging process used to compensate for self-discharge effects and maintain a battery in an approximate state of full charge.
Note: Trickle charging is used to offset self-discharge effects to keep the battery in an approximate state of full charge.
26.过充电(overcharge)
完全充电的蓄电池或电池组的继续充电。
注：超过制造商规定的某一极限的充电行为亦为过充电。
The continued charging of a fully charged battery or battery pack.
Note: Charging beyond a manufacturer-specified limit is also considered overcharging.
27.浮充电(floating charge)
电池连续承受长时间、小电流的恒电压充电。
Continuous, long-term, low-current charging of a battery at a constant voltage.
28.放电(discharge）
电池在规定的条件下向外电路输出所产生的电能的过程。
注：此时化学能转化为电能。
The process in which a battery outputs the electrical energy it generates to an external circuit under specified conditions.
Note: During this process, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
29.自放电(self discharge)
电池的能量未通过放电进入外电路而是以其它方式损失的现象。
The phenomenon where the energy of the battery is lost in ways other than being discharged into an external circuit.
30.自放电速率(self-discharge rate)
用于描述电池自放电快慢的物理量，也称 K 值。其计算方法为两次测试的开路电压差除以两次电压测试的时间间隔，表示为 K=(OCV1-OCV2)/△T。
Translation: A physical quantity used to describe the rate of self-discharge of a battery, also known as the "K-value." It is calculated as the difference in open-circuit voltage (OCV) between two tests divided by the time interval between the two voltage tests, expressed as K = (OCV1 - OCV2) / ΔT.
31.过放电(over-discharge)
当电池完全放电后强制进行的放电的过程。过放电可能破坏电池的正常功能，甚至可能引发危害事故。
Translation: The process of forced discharge that occurs when a battery is completely discharged. Overdischarge may disrupt the normal functioning of the battery and can even lead to hazardous incidents.
32.放电电流(discharge current)
电池在放电时输出的电流。
The current output of the battery during discharge.
33.短路电流(short-circuit current)
电池向一个零电阻或将电池电压降低至接近零伏的外电路输出的最大电流。
注：零电阻是一个假想的条件，实际上短路电流是在一个与电池内阻相比其电阻非常低的电路中流过的最大电流。
The maximum current that a battery can deliver to an external circuit with zero resistance or with the battery voltage reduced to near zero volts.
Note: Zero resistance is an imaginary condition, and in reality, the short-circuit current is the maximum current that flows in a circuit with a resistance significantly lower than the internal resistance of the battery.
34.参考试验电流(reference test current)
采用放电倍率（It）表示的电池放电电流，1ItA=1C5A·h/1h。
Battery discharge current expressed in discharge rate (It), where 1ItA equals 1.5 ampere-hours per hour.
35.充/放电曲线(charge/discharge curve)
电池充/放电过程中所记录下来其电压、电流、容量等随时间的变化曲线。
The recorded curves depicting the variations of voltage, current, capacity, and other parameters over time during the charging or discharging process of a battery.
36.放电深度(depth of discharge)
在电池使用过程中，电池放出的容量占其标称容量的百分比。
The percentage of a battery's nominal capacity that is discharged by the battery during use.
37.放电倍率/充电倍率(discharge rate/charge rate)
放电倍率是放电快慢的一种量度，是指电池在规定的时间内放出其额定容量时所需要的电流值。（它在数值上等于电池额定容量的倍数，即“放电电流/电池额定容量=放电倍率”，通常以字母C表示。同样，充电倍率是充电快慢的一种量度，即“充电电流/电池额定容量=充电倍率”。)
Discharge multiplier is a measure of the speed of discharge, which refers to the value of the current required for a battery to discharge its rated capacity within a specified time period. (It is numerically equal to a multiple of the rated capacity of the battery, i.e., "discharge current/rated capacity of the battery = discharge multiplier", usually denoted by the letter C.) Similarly, the charging multiplier is a measure of the speed of charging, i.e., "charging current/rated battery capacity = charging multiplier.")
38.充电效率(charge efficiency)
电池放电时输出的电量与前次充电时输入的电量的比值。
The ratio of the electrical energy output during battery discharge to the electrical energy input during the previous charge.
39.能量效率(energy efficiency)
电池放电时输出的能量与前次充电时输入的能量的比值。
The ratio of the energy output during battery discharge to the energy input during the previous charge.
40.循环寿命(cycling life)
电池容量连续三次充放电循环低于规定的容量值，则认为电池寿命终止。此时最后一次达到或超过规定容量值的充放电循环次数即为电池的循环寿命。
Translation: If the battery capacity falls below the specified value for three consecutive charge and discharge cycles, the battery's lifespan is considered terminated. The number of charge and discharge cycles in which the battery last reached or exceeded the specified capacity value is then counted as the battery's cycle life.
41.边电压(pouch voltage)
软包电池极耳与铝塑膜内层铝层间的电压。
The voltage between the tab of a pouch cell and the inner aluminum layer of the aluminum-plastic film.
42.放电容量(discharge capacity)
在规定条件下测得的电池输出的容量值。
注：放电容量通常用安时（Ah）或毫安时（mAh）来表示。
The capacity value of a battery's output measured under specified conditions.
Note: Discharge capacity is typically expressed in ampere-hours (Ah) or milliampere-hours (mAh).
43.额定容量(rated capacity)
以制造商规定的条件测得的并由制造商申明的电池单体、模块、电池包或系统的容量值。
注：额定容量通常用安时（Ah）或毫安时（mAh）来表示。
The capacity value of a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system measured under conditions specified by the manufacturer and declared by the manufacturer.
Note: Rated capacity is typically expressed in ampere-hours (Ah) or milliampere-hours (mAh).
44.剩余容量(residual capacity)
电池在规定条件下(如放电或贮存)，经过一段时间的使用后，继续放电时可放出的电池中余留的容量。
The remaining capacity of a battery that can be discharged when the battery has been used for a period of time under specified conditions (such as discharge or storage) before continuing to discharge.
45.恢复容量(recovery capacity)
电池在规定条件下完全充电后，在规定的温度下搁置规定的时间，放电后完全充电，并再次放电时能够输出的容量。
The capacity that can be discharged from a battery after it has been fully charged under specified conditions, allowed to stand for a specified time at a specified temperature, then fully recharged, and discharged again.
46.克容量(capacity per gram)
电池放电时，内部活性物质所能释放出的容量与活性物质的质量比。
注：克容量通常用毫安时每克（mAh/g）来表示。有时计算克容量也会把导电添加剂、黏接剂等所有非活性物质的质量计算在内。
The capacity released by the internal active material of a battery during discharge divided by the mass of the active material.
Note: Specific capacity is typically expressed in milliampere-hours per gram (mAh/g). Sometimes, the calculation of specific capacity includes the mass of all non-active materials, such as conductive additives and binders.
47.质量(比)能量(gravimetric energy)
电池的能量与其质量之比。又称为“质量能量密度”。 The ratio of a battery's energy to its mass. Also known as "mass energy density."
48.质量(比)功率(gravimetric power)
电池输出的功率与其质量之比。又称为“功率密度”。
The ratio of the power output of a battery to its mass. Also known as "power density."
49.体积(比)功率(volumetric power)
电池输出的功率与其体积之比。又称为“体积功率密度”。
The ratio of the power output of a battery to its volume. Also known as "volume power density."
50.电池活性物质利用率(utilization rate of active material)
电池实际获得的电量与所含有的活性物质的理论电量之比，常用百分数表达。
注：一般情况下，正、负极活性物质利用率是不一样的。
The ratio between the actual capacity obtained from a battery and the theoretical capacity of the active material it contains, often expressed as a percentage.
Note: In most cases, the utilization rate of the active material is different for the positive and negative electrodes.
51.荷电保持能力(charge retention)
电池在规定条件下完全充电后，在规定的温度下搁置规定的时间，在没有再次充电的条件下能够输出的容量与标称容量的比值，常用百分数表示。
The ratio, usually expressed as a percentage, between the capacity that can be discharged from a battery after it has been fully charged under specified conditions, allowed to stand for a specified time at a specified temperature, and not recharged, and the nominal capacity of the battery.
52.荷电状态(state of charge)
当前电池单体、模块、电池包或系统中按照制造商规定的放电条件可以释放的容量占实际容量的百分比。
注：其取值范围为 0~1，当 SOC=0 时表示电池放电完全，当 SOC=1 时表示电池完全充满。
State of Charge (SOC) refers to the percentage of the actual capacity that can be released under manufacturer-specified discharge conditions in the current battery cell, module, battery pack, or system.
Note: Its value ranges from 0 to 1, where SOC=0 indicates the battery is completely discharged, and SOC=1 indicates the battery is fully charged.
53.电池健康状态(state of health)
电池相对于新电池存储电能的能力。
注：以百分比的形式表示电池从寿命开始到寿命结束期间所处的状态，用来定量描述当前电池的性能状态。
The ability of a battery to store electrical energy relative to a new battery.
Note: It is expressed as a percentage and quantitatively describes the performance state of the battery during its lifetime, from the beginning to the end of its life.
锂电池产品术语
54.电池(battery)
装配有使用必需的装置（如外壳、端子、标志及保护装置）的一个或多个单体电池。
One or more individual battery cells assembled with necessary components such as casing, terminals, labels, and protective devices.
55.锂离子电池(Li-ion battery)
利用锂离子作为导电离子，在正极和负极之间移动，通过化学能和电能相互转化实现充放电的电池。包括单体锂离子电池和锂离子电池组。
A battery that utilizes lithium ions as conductive ions, moving between the positive and negative electrodes, to achieve the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy during charging and vice versa during discharging. This category includes both individual lithium-ion cells and lithium-ion battery packs.
56.单体锂离子电池(Li-ion cell)
锂离子电池的基本单元，由电极、隔膜、外壳和绝缘保护垫片等在电解质环境下构成。
The fundamental unit of a lithium-ion battery, consisting of electrodes, a separator, a casing, and insulating protective components within an electrolyte environment.
57.液态锂离子电池(liquid rechargeable Li-ion battery)
电池中只含有液体电解质的锂离子电池。
A lithium-ion battery that contains only liquid electrolyte.
58.非水有机溶剂锂离子电(nonaqueous rechargeable Li-ion battery)
电解质为非水有机溶剂的液态锂离子电池。
A liquid lithium-ion battery with a non-aqueous organic solvent as the electrolyte.
59.水系锂离子电池(aqueous rechargeable Li-ion battery)
电解质为水溶剂的液态锂离子电池。
A liquid lithium-ion battery with an aqueous solvent as the electrolyte.
60.混合固液电解质锂离子电池(mixed solid liquid electrolyte rechargeable Li-ion battery)
电池中同时含有液体和固体电解质的锂离子电池。
A lithium-ion battery that contains both liquid and solid electrolytes.
61.全固态锂离子电池(all solid state rechargeable Li-ion battery)
电池单体中只含有固态电解质，不含有任何液体电解质、液态溶剂、液态添加剂的锂离子电池。
A lithium-ion battery cell that contains only solid-state electrolyte and does not contain any liquid electrolyte, liquid solvents, or liquid additives.
62.凝胶聚合物锂离子电池(gel polymer rechargeable Li-ion battery)
电池中的液体电解质与聚合物高分子形成凝胶态电解质的锂离子电池。
注：目前把塑封膜封装的软包装锂离子电池也叫做聚合物锂离子电池，有时简称为聚合物锂电池。凝胶聚合物电解质锂离子电池是指在隔膜、正负极内部电解质以凝胶聚合物电解质的形态出现。两者在组成、性能上有较大差异。
Translation: A lithium-ion battery in which the liquid electrolyte forms a gel-like state with a polymer high-molecular-weight material.
Note: Currently, lithium-ion pouch batteries sealed in plastic film packaging are also referred to as polymer lithium-ion batteries and are sometimes simply called polymer lithium batteries. Gel polymer electrolyte lithium-ion batteries refer to those where the internal electrolyte within the separator, positive, and negative electrodes appears in the form of a gel polymer electrolyte. There are significant differences in composition and performance between the two types.
63.半固态锂离子电池(half-solid state Li-ion battery)
电池中任一侧电极不含液体电解质，另一侧电极含有液态电解质的锂离子电池。或者单体中固体电解质质量或体积占单体中电解质总质量或总体积之比的一半的锂离子电池。
A lithium-ion battery in which one side of the electrode does not contain liquid electrolyte, while the other side of the electrode contains liquid electrolyte. Alternatively, a lithium-ion battery in which the mass or volume of solid electrolyte in an individual cell constitutes half of the total mass or total volume of electrolyte in the individual cell.
64.软包装锂离子电池(pouch Li-ion cell)
采用塑封膜作为外壳的锂电池。
Lithium batteries that use plastic film as the outer casing.
65.芯包(jelly roll)
在锂离子电池制造过程中，正极片、负极片和隔膜交替堆叠或卷绕在一起，尾部用终止胶带固定后形成的基本单元，卷绕的芯包也称为卷芯。
In the manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries, the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator are stacked or wound together alternately. After being fixed with termination tape at the end, they form the basic unit known as a winding core.
66.阳极(anode)
通常指发生氧化反应的电极。
注：阳极是放电时的负极、充电时的正极。
Anode typically refers to the electrode where oxidation reactions occur.
Note: The anode is the negative electrode during discharge and the positive electrode during charging.
67.阴极(cathode)
通常指发生还原反应的电极。
注：阴极是放电时的正极、充电时的负极。
Cathode typically refers to the electrode where reduction reactions occur.
Note: The cathode is the positive electrode during discharge and the negative electrode during charging.
68.电极片(electrode)
将一定比例的活性物质、导电剂通过粘结剂附着在导电集流体上，并通过一定工艺制作而成的电极。
注：电极片的集流体可以采用金属箔、网等形式。
An electrode made by adhering a certain proportion of active material and conductive additives to a current collector through a binder, and then fabricated through a specific process.
Note: The current collector for the electrode sheet can be in the form of metal foil, mesh, and so on.
69.负极片(negative electrode)
通常指含有在放电时发生氧化反应活性物质的极片，其电势相对较低。
Typically, it refers to the electrode sheet containing active materials that undergo oxidation reactions during discharge, and it has a relatively lower electrical potential.
70.正极片(positive electrode)
通常指含有在放电时发生还原反应活性物质的极片，其电势相对较高。
Typically, it refers to the electrode sheet containing active materials that undergo reduction reactions during discharge, and it has a relatively higher electrical potential.
71.隔膜(separator)
由可渗透离子的材料制成的，可防止电池内极性相反的电极片之间接触造成短路的电池组件。
注：混合固液电解质锂离子电池，全固态锂离子电池中，隔离正负极的材料也可以认为是隔膜的一种，但一般会称为固体电解质膜，英文为 solid electrolyte membrane。
A battery component made of an ion-permeable material that prevents contact between electrode tabs of opposite polarity within the battery from causing a short circuit.
Note: Mixed solid-liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries, all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries, the material that isolates the positive and negative electrodes can also be considered to be a type of diaphragm, but will generally be referred to as a solid electrolyte membrane, solid electrolyte membrane in English.
72.极组(jelly roll pack)
由单个或多个芯包通过包胶，极耳连接，引出极柱后形成的组合体。
A combination formed by encapsulating one or multiple core packs, connecting the electrode tabs, and then leading out the terminal post.
73.极耳(tab)
连接电池内部电极片与端子的金属导体。
注：多极耳电池与端子连接时，为了增加极耳的强度，会引入连接片进行辅助连接。
A metallic conductor that connects the internal electrode sheets of a battery with terminals.
Note: In the case of multi-tab batteries connecting with terminals, additional connecting strips may be introduced to reinforce the tabs.
74.活性物质(active material)
在电池充放电过程中发生电化学反应以存储或释放电能的物质，分为正极活性物质和负极活性物质。
Substances that undergo electrochemical reactions during the charge and discharge processes of a battery to store or release electrical energy. They are divided into positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active materials.
75.电解质(electrolyte)
含有可移动离子并具有离子导电性的液体或固体物质。
注：电解质可以是液体、固体或凝胶体，电解质不能传导电子。
A substance, either liquid or solid, that contains mobile ions and possesses ionic conductivity.
Note: Electrolytes can be in liquid, solid, or gel form and do not conduct electrons.
76.电池外壳(cell can)
将电池内部的部件封装并为其提供防止与外部直接接触的保护部件。
Encapsulating internal components of the battery and providing protective elements to prevent direct contact with the external environment.
77.铝塑封装膜(laminated aluminum plastic film)
用于软包装锂电池封装的，由塑料、铝箔和黏合剂组成的高强度、高阻隔、耐电解液的多层复合膜材料，简称铝塑膜。
A multi-layer composite film material, known as an aluminum-plastic film, consisting of plastic, aluminum foil, and adhesive. It is used for encapsulating pouch-type lithium-ion batteries and provides high strength, excellent barrier properties, and resistance to electrolytes.
78.电池盖(cell lid)
用于封盖电池外壳的零件，通常带有注液孔、安全阀和端子引出孔等。
Components used for sealing the battery casing, typically equipped with injection ports, safety valves, and terminal lead-out holes, among other features.
79.负极端子(negative terminal)
便于外电路连接电池负极的导电部件，也称“负极极端”。
The conductive component that facilitates the external circuit's connection to the negative electrode of the battery, also known as the "negative electrode terminal."
80.正极端子(positive terminal)
便于外电路连接电池正极的导电部件，也称“正极极端”。
The conductive component that facilitates the external circuit's connection to the positive electrode of the battery, also known as the "positive electrode terminal."
81.安全阀(safety valve)
为避免电池内压过大而设计的用以释放电池内部气体的结构件，根据电池特点设计泄放压力阈值。
A structural component designed to release the gas generated inside the battery in order to prevent excessive internal pressure. It is designed with a pressure release threshold based on the characteristics of the battery.
82.连接件(connector)
用于电池电路中各组件间承载电流的导体。
注：例如用于单体电池之间、电池端子与电池组端子之间或电池组端子与外电路及辅助装置之间电连接的连接件。
Conductors used to carry current between various components in the battery circuit.
Note: These include connectors used for electrical connections between individual battery cells, between battery terminals and battery pack terminals, or between battery pack terminals and the external circuit and auxiliary devices.
83.电池管理系统(battery management system)
连接电池和设备的电子管理系统，主要功能包括：电池物理参数实时监测，电池状态估计，在线诊断与预警，充、放电与预充控制，均衡管理和热管理等。
The electronic management system that connects the battery and equipment, with main functions including real-time monitoring of battery physical parameters, battery state estimation, online diagnosis and warning, charge, discharge, and pre-charge control, balance management, and thermal management.
84.方型锂离子电池(prismatic Li-ion cell)
各面成直角的平行六面体形状的锂离子电池。
A lithium-ion battery with the shape of a parallelepiped, featuring six faces meeting at right angles.
85.圆柱形锂离子电池(cylindrical Li-ion cell)
总高度等于或大于直径的圆柱形状的锂离子电池。
A cylindrical lithium-ion battery with a total height equal to or greater than its diameter.
86.扣式锂离子电池(coin Li-ion cell)
总高度小于直径的圆柱形状的锂离子电池。
A cylindrical lithium-ion battery with a total height less than its diameter.
87.底垫片(bottom gasket insulator)
用绝缘材料制成，放在极组与电池壳底之间以加强隔绝的材料。
Made of insulating material, it is placed between the electrode assembly and the bottom of the battery case to enhance isolation.
88.外垫片(washer)
用绝缘材料制成，与电池盖配合使用，固定在电池盖外部的材料，起绝缘作用。
Made of insulating material, it is used in conjunction with the battery cover and is secured to the outside of the battery cover to provide insulation.
89.保护胶带(protective tape)
防止正负极短路，起绝缘保护作用，包括极耳保护胶带、极片保护胶带、底胶带、侧胶带。
To prevent a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes and provide insulation protection, including electrode tab insulation tape, electrode insulation tape, bottom insulation tape, and side insulation tape.
90.终止胶带(end tape)
芯包卷绕/叠片完毕后，粘贴在芯包外侧的胶带，起定型作用。
After winding/stacking the core pack, the tape is applied to the outer side of the core pack to provide structural support.
91.底胶带(bottom tape)
包裹在极组底部的胶带，防止极组被挫伤。
The tape wrapped around the bottom of the electrode stack to prevent damage to the electrode stack.
92.侧胶带(side tape)
粘贴在对应于终止胶带一侧芯包侧边的胶带，防止芯包被挫伤。
The tape attached to the side of the cell stack corresponding to the termination tape side, preventing damage to the cell stack.
93.中心柱(center pin)
圆柱形电池中，用以固定极组卷芯的圆柱形金属或聚合物硬质管状结构件。
In cylindrical batteries, a cylindrical metal or polymer hard tube-like structure used to secure the cell stack core.
94.定位面板(positioning panel)
设备中用于支撑、固定卷绕头及其他机构的平板。
A flat plate used in equipment to support and fix the winding head and other mechanisms.
锂电池制造工艺术语
95.上料(feeding)
将正极或负极原料（包括活性物质、导电剂等）通过计量系统按照设定配比输入到搅拌设备内的工艺过程。
The process of inputting positive or negative electrode materials (including active substances, conductive agents, etc.) into a mixing device through a metering system according to the preset ratio.
96.搅拌(mixing)
通过控制真空度、温度、搅拌速度、加料顺序等，分别将正极或负极活性物质、导电剂、黏结剂、溶剂等在一定的时间、温度、压力作用下充分搅拌成均一的、满足一定颗粒度和黏度要求的混合浆料的过程，也称为匀浆。
The process of creating a homogeneous slurry, also known as mixing, by thoroughly blending positive or negative electrode active materials, conductive agents, binders, solvents, etc., in a specific time, temperature, and pressure environment. This is achieved by controlling parameters such as vacuum level, temperature, stirring speed, and feeding sequence to meet certain particle size and viscosity requirements.
97.分散(dispersing)
利用高速分散机内动、静刀组等机构高速运转产生的离心力将浆料中团聚物、大颗粒团打散，实现超细分散的过程。
The process of achieving ultrafine dispersion by using the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed operation of the dynamic and static blade assembly in a high-speed disperser to break up agglomerates and large particle clusters in the slurry.
98.除铁(iron removing)
对浆料中的含铁的小颗粒杂质进行清除的工艺过程。
The process of removing iron-containing fine particles and impurities from the slurry.
99.合浆(slurry preparation)
正极或负极原料（包括活性物质、导电剂、粘结剂等）通过配料、搅拌、高速分散、除铁、过滤等工序，最后制备成符合涂布要求的浆料的过程。
The process of preparing positive or negative electrode materials (including active materials, conductive agents, binders, etc.) by processes such as batching, stirring, high-speed dispersion, iron removal, and filtration, ultimately producing a slurry that meets the coating requirements.
100.浆料输送(slurry transferring)
将制备好的浆料输送至涂布头的过程。
The process of transferring the prepared slurry to the coating head.
101.涂布(coating)
通过使用涂布设备将流体浆料均匀地涂覆在集流体的表面并烘干成膜，制成电池膜片的过程。
The process of uniformly applying the fluid slurry onto the surface of the current collector using coating equipment, followed by drying to form a film and produce battery electrodes.
102.转移涂布(transfer coating)
通过涂布辊和背辊间的相对转动，依靠液体的张力而将涂布浆料液体间接由涂布辊转移到片幅上形成涂布液膜的涂布方法。
The coating method involves the relative rotation between the coating roller and the back roller, allowing the coating slurry to be transferred from the coating roller to the substrate indirectly through the tension of the liquid, forming a coated liquid film on the substrate.
103.挤压涂布(extrusion coating)
通过涂布条缝挤压将涂布浆料液体由涂布条缝挤压到到片幅上形成涂布液膜的涂布方法。
The coating method involves squeezing the coating slurry liquid through a coating slot to form a coated liquid film on the substrate.
104.辊式涂布(roll coating)
用辊筒在连续运行的片幅或被涂物体上形成液体薄膜的涂布方法。
The coating method involves using rollers to form a liquid film on a continuously moving substrate or the object being coated.
105.滚压(roll pressing)
在结晶温度以下（通常室温），通过控制设备的压辊间隙、辊压速度、压力、张力等将涂布后疏松的极片压到设计的厚度和密度的过程，以制造出可供锂离子流通的孔隙，同时也有提高电池能量密度的作用。
The process, conducted at a temperature below the crystallization temperature (usually at room temperature), involves controlling the equipment's nip clearance, roll pressure speed, pressure, tension, and more to compress the loosely coated electrode sheet to the desired thickness and density. This process creates pores that allow the flow of lithium ions, while also increasing the energy density of the battery.
106.极耳成型(tab forming)
通过控制设备的上、下刀模之间的啮合对极片进行剪切，使极片按照设计尺寸要求形成极耳的过程。
The process of shearing the electrode sheet to form the tabs according to the designed dimensions by controlling the engagement between the upper and lower die of the equipment.
107.分条/分切(slitting)
通过对来料膜片的纵向分切，将来料膜片一分为多，并收卷成一定宽度规格的上、下单卷的过程。
The process of longitudinally slitting the incoming film into multiple sections and winding them into upper and lower single rolls with a specified width.
107.横向贴胶(horizontal stick method)
在芯包表面沿卷制方向粘贴终止胶带的工艺方式。
The process of applying termination tape on the surface of the core winding direction of the pouch cell.
108.竖向贴胶(vertical stick method)
在锂离子电池芯表面沿电池芯卷绕轴线方向贴终止胶带的工艺方式。
The process of applying termination tape on the surface of the lithium-ion battery core along the winding axis direction of the battery core.
109.卷绕(winding)
通过控制设备的速度、张力、尺寸、偏差等因素，将分条后尺寸相匹配的正极极片、负极极片及隔膜、极耳等卷成芯包（卷芯）的过程。
The process of winding matched positive electrode sheets, negative electrode sheets, separator, and tab materials into a core assembly (winding core) by controlling factors such as equipment speed, tension, dimensions, and alignment.
110.叠片(stacking)
通过送片机构将正、负极片与隔膜交替堆叠在一起，完成多层叠片芯包的过程。
The process of stacking positive and negative electrode sheets along with separators in alternating layers using a feeding mechanism, completing the formation of a multi-layer electrode assembly.
111.热压(hot pressing)
通过设置合理的时间、温度、压力对芯包进行热压整形，控制极组厚度，使卷绕后松散的芯包外形固定，以防止正、负极片相对位移。
The process of heat and pressure shaping the electrode assembly by applying appropriate time, temperature, and pressure, controlling the thickness of the electrode assembly, and securing the shape of the loosely wound electrode assembly to prevent relative movement of the positive and negative electrode sheets.
112.平压(flat pressing)
通过设置合理的时间、压力对芯包进行压实、整形，控制芯包厚度，使松散的芯包外形固定，以防止正、负极片相对位移。
The process of compacting and shaping the electrode assembly by applying appropriate time and pressure, controlling the thickness of the electrode assembly, and securing the shape of the loosely wound electrode assembly to prevent relative movement of the positive and negative electrode sheets.
113.真空烘烤(vacuum baking)
通过控制设备的升温速率、温度、真空度、时间对裸电池去除水分的过程，从而保证电池中的水含量达到设计要求。
The process of removing moisture from the bare cell by controlling the equipment's heating rate, temperature, vacuum level, and duration to ensure that the water content in the cell meets the design requirements.
114.激光焊接(laser welding)
通过控制激光焊枪的功率、离焦量、速度等参数，发射出高能量密度的连续激光对焊接位置进行熔融焊接，实现密封或固定连接的过程。
注：焊接外观要求光洁，无裂纹、针孔、凹坑等肉眼可见的明显缺陷。
The process of achieving a sealed or fixed connection by emitting high-energy continuous laser beams to melt the welding area, while controlling parameters such as the power, focus, and speed of the laser welding gun.
Note: The welding appearance should be smooth, with no visible defects such as cracks, pinholes, or craters.
115.电阻焊(resistance welding)
利用电流通过焊件及接触处产生的电阻热作为热源将焊件局部加热，同时加压进行焊接，实现密封或固定连接的过程。
The process of using the resistance heat generated by passing current through the workpieces and at the contact point as a heat source to locally heat the workpieces, while applying pressure simultaneously for welding, achieving a sealed or fixed connection.
116.超声波焊接(ultrasonic welding)
在辅助加压的情况下，通过焊头、焊座将高频振动波传递到两个待焊接的物体，两个待焊接接触面相互摩擦，分子相互扩散而形成分子熔合的焊接方式。
In the presence of additional pressure, the process of transmitting high-frequency vibration waves through the welding head and welding seat to two objects to be welded. The contact surfaces of the two objects to be welded rub against each other, allowing molecular diffusion, resulting in a form of welding known as molecular fusion.
117.脉冲焊(pulse welding)
把要焊接的塑料板或薄膜压在两个加热元件间，通入强电流使发热体在极短时间内产生强热能的脉冲，随之再给以冷却，此时焊接面即在加热加压下熔合，实现密封或固定连接的过程。
The process involves pressing the plastic sheet or film to be welded between two heating elements. A high electric current is applied to the heating element, causing it to generate intense heat in a very short time. Subsequently, cooling is applied. During this process, the welding surfaces melt together under the combined effect of heat and pressure, achieving a sealed or fixed connection.
118.极柱焊(stud welding)
通过焊接的方式将极耳与极柱连接在一起的过程。
The process of connecting the tab to the terminal post through welding.
119.X-ray 检测(X-ray detection)
将芯包、极组或电芯，放置到固定装置上，通过低能量 X 光透视的方式，实现对被检材料的相对位置及尺寸检测的方式。
Placing the core pack, electrode assembly, or battery cell on a fixed apparatus and using low-energy X-ray transmission to inspect the relative position and dimensions of the material being tested.
120.盖帽焊(cap welding)
通过焊接的方式将压板、基板、止动架、绝缘片等连接或固定在一起组成盖帽的方式。
Connecting or fastening plates, substrates, stops, insulating sheets, etc., together by welding to form a cover.
121.入壳(inserting can)
将极组装入外壳内的过程。
The process of assembling the electrode group into the casing.
122.滚槽(beading)
通过滚槽设备在圆柱形锂离子电池靠近正极的位置处加工出凹槽的过程。
注：在凹槽中安装密封片，从而保证电池密封性。
The process of machining grooves near the positive electrode of a cylindrical lithium-ion battery using a grooving device.
Note: Sealing gaskets are installed in the grooves to ensure the battery's sealing.
123.封口(sealing)
通过在注液口处打钢珠点胶固化或者通过激光的高能量等方式将盖板与密封片热熔在一起，实现电芯完全密封的过程。
The process of fully sealing the battery cell by either applying adhesive and curing it with steel ball dispensing at the injection port or using high-energy lasers to melt the cover plate and the sealing gasket together.
124.冲坑(pouch forming)
铝塑膜经冲模拉伸出冲坑结构的过程。
The process of stretching the aluminum-plastic film to form a punched pit structure using a die.
125.一封(first sealing)
软包电芯在注液之后立刻进行气袋边的封口，使电芯内部完全与外部环境隔绝的过程。
The process of immediately sealing the gas bag edge of a pouch cell after injection to completely isolate the interior of the cell from the external environment.
126.二封(second sealing)
在完成化成工序后，将软包电芯气袋刺破，并将袋内由化成工序所产生的气体抽出然后进行封装的过程。
The process of puncturing the gas pouch of a pouch cell after the formation process, extracting the gas generated inside the pouch during the formation process, and then sealing it.
127.脱气(degassing)
将电芯内部由化成工序产生的气体排出电芯的过程。
The process of venting the gas generated inside the cell during the formation process to evacuate it from the cell.
128.气密性测试(leakage test)
通过负压检测方法或氦气检测方法，检测电池是否存在泄漏的过程。
The process of detecting whether there is a leakage in the battery using a vacuum test method or a helium leak detection method.
129.注液(electrolyte injection)
控制液体电解质的量及注入时间，使液体电解质从注液口注入电池的过程。主要目的是形成离子通道，从而保证电池在充放电过程中有足够的锂离子能够在正、负极片间进行迁移，实现可逆循环。注液分为硬壳注液和软包注液。
The process of controlling the amount and injection time of liquid electrolyte to inject it into the battery through the injection port. The main purpose is to create ion channels, ensuring that there are enough lithium ions for reversible cycling between the positive and negative electrode sheets during the charge and discharge process. The injection process can be divided into hard shell injection and soft pack injection.
130.化成(formation)
首次对电池进行充电，激活锂电池的活性物质，并形成稳定的固体电解质界面膜（SEI 膜）的过程。
The process of initially charging the battery to activate the active materials in lithium-ion batteries and form a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) membrane.
131.老化(aging)
通过一定的方法使正负极活性物质中的某些活跃成份发生反应而失活，从而使电池整体性能表现更为稳定。
The process of deactivating certain active components within the positive and negative electrode active materials through specific methods to enhance the overall stability of the battery's performance.
132.分容(grading)
为了保证电池的一致性，按照电池的整体性能（容量、电压、内阻等）对电池进行分组的过程。
The process of grouping batteries based on their overall performance characteristics such as capacity, voltage, internal resistance, etc., in order to ensure consistency among the batteries.
133.常温静置(room temperature standing)
在高温环境中对注液后的电芯进行静置。
注：一般采用 40℃-60℃之间的温度。
Allowing the injected core to stand in a high-temperature environment.
Note: Typically, temperatures between 40°C to 60°C are used.
134.组件装配(component assembly)
依次将组件或电池置入装配夹具中，通过紧固螺栓或缓慢加压的方式将电池和组件安装在一块，形成模组的初步框架。
Components or batteries are successively placed into the assembly fixture, and through tightening bolts or gradually applying pressure, the batteries and components are assembled together to form the initial framework of the module.
锂电池安全术语
135.锂枝晶(lithium dendrites)
锂电池在充电过程中锂离子还原时形成的树枝状金属锂。
注：锂在负极侧出现时锂的形态不一定是锂枝晶，统称为析锂，英文为 lithium plating。
Dendritic metallic lithium formed when lithium ions are reduced during the charging process of a lithium-ion battery.
Note: The form of lithium when it appears on the negative electrode side is not necessarily lithium dendrites; collectively, it's referred to as lithium plating.
136.内短路(internal short circuit)
由锂电池内部存在缺陷（如毛刺、锂枝晶等）刺穿隔膜，造成正负极片接触的现象。
The phenomenon where defects within a lithium battery, such as burrs or lithium dendrites, pierce the separator, causing contact between the positive and negative electrodes.
137.热失控(thermal runaway)
电池单体放热连锁反应引起电池温度不可控上升的现象。
The phenomenon where a chain reaction of exothermic reactions in a battery cell leads to uncontrolled temperature increase in the battery.
138.热扩散(thermal propagation)
电池包或系统内由一个电池单体热失控引发的其余电池单体接连发生热失控的现象。
The phenomenon where a thermal runaway in one battery cell within a battery pack or system triggers successive thermal runaways in the remaining battery cells within the pack or system.
139.滥用(abuse)
没有按照制造商/供应商或电池化学体系的要求使用电池的行为。可能对人体、环境产生损伤或不良影响，或者对电池性能造成损害。
The behavior of not using the battery according to the manufacturer/supplier or battery chemistry system's requirements. It may cause harm or adverse effects to humans, the environment, or damage the battery's performance.
140.泄漏(leakage)
有可见物质从电池单体、模块、电池包或系统中漏出至试验对象外部的现象。
The phenomenon where visible substances leak from a battery cell, module, battery pack, or system to the outside of the test object.
141.泄气(venting)
单体电池或电池组中内部压力增加时，气体通过预先设计好的方式释放出来。
When internal pressure increases in an individual battery cell or battery pack, gases are released through a pre-designed method.
142.破裂(rupture)
由于内部或外部因素引起单体电池外壳或电池组壳体的机械损伤，导致内部物质暴露或溢出，但没有喷出。
Mechanical damage to the external casing of an individual battery cell or battery pack, caused by internal or external factors, resulting in the exposure or leakage of internal materials without any spraying.
143.起火(fire)
单体电池、模块、电池包或系统任何部位发生持续燃烧 (单次火焰持续时间大于 1s)。火花及拉弧不属于燃烧。
Continuous burning in any part of an individual battery cell, module, battery pack, or system (with a single flame duration greater than 1 second). Sparks and arcs are not considered as combustion.
144.爆炸(explosion)
突然释放足量的能量产生压力波或者喷射物，可能会对周边区域造成结构或物理上的破坏。
The sudden release of a significant amount of energy that generates a pressure wave or jet of material, which may cause structural or physical damage to the surrounding area.
145.安全(safety)
未发生非预期风险。
No unexpected risks have occurred.
146.风险(risk)
潜在发生的损害及其严重性影响的总称。
The collective term for potential damages and their severity impact.
147.危害等级(hazard level)
指危险的潜在严重性的度量。
注：其量度依据的是人为差错、环境、设计特性、规程缺陷、子系统或部件的故障的最坏影响。
It refers to the measurement of the potential severity of hazards.
Note: It is measured based on the worst consequences of human error, environment, design characteristics, specification deficiencies, or subsystem or component failures.
